Azure RBAC roles can be assigned to users, groups, or service principals. A role assignment grants permissions on a predefined set of resources called "scope".

The widest scopes a role can be assigned to are:

• Subscription: a role assigned with this scope grants access to all resources of this Subscription.
• Management Group: a scope assigned with this scope grants access to all resources of all the Subscriptions in this Management Group.

In case of security incidents involving a compromised identity (user, group, or service principal), limiting its role assignment to the narrowest scope possible helps separate duties and limits what resources are at risk.

Ask Yourself Whether

• The user, group, or service principal doesn’t use the entirety of the resources in the scope to operate on a day-to-day basis.
• It is possible to follow the Separation of Duties principle and split the scope into multiple role assignments with a narrower scope.

There is a risk if you answered yes to any of these questions.

Recommended Secure Coding Practices

• Limit the scope of the role assignment to a Resource or Resource Group.
• Apply the least privilege principle by assigning roles granting as few permissions as possible.

Sensitive Code Example

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2018-05-01/subscriptionDeploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments",
      "apiVersion": "2022-04-01",
      "name": "[guid(subscription().id, 'exampleRoleAssignment')]"
    }
  ]
}

Compliant Solution

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments",
      "apiVersion": "2022-04-01",
      "name": "[guid(resourceGroup().id, 'exampleRoleAssignment')]"
    }
  ]
}

See

• OWASP Top 10 2021 Category A1 - Broken Access Control
• OWASP Top 10 2021 Category A4 - Insecure Design
• OWASP Top 10 2017 Category A5 - Broken Access Control
• MITRE, CWE-266 - Incorrect Privilege Assignment
• Azure Documentation - Understand scope for Azure RBAC
• Azure Documentation - Best practices for Azure RBAC