Class MonetConnection

java.lang.Object
nl.cwi.monetdb.jdbc.MonetWrapper
nl.cwi.monetdb.jdbc.MonetConnection
All Implemented Interfaces:
AutoCloseable, Connection, Wrapper

public abstract class MonetConnection
extends MonetWrapper
implements Connection, AutoCloseable
A Connection suitable for the MonetDB database. This connection represents a connection (session) to a MonetDB database. SQL statements are executed and results are returned within the context of a connection. This Connection object holds a physical connection to the MonetDB database. A Connection object's database should able to provide information describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on. This information is obtained with the getMetaData method. Note: By default a Connection object is in auto-commit mode, which means that it automatically commits changes after executing each statement. If auto-commit mode has been disabled, the method commit must be called explicitly in order to commit changes; otherwise, database changes will not be saved. The current state of this connection is that it nearly implements the whole Connection interface.
Version:
1.3
Author:
Fabian Groffen, Martin van Dinther, Pedro Ferreira
  • Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes 
    Modifier and Type Class Description
    class  MonetConnection.ResponseList
    A list of Response objects.
  • Field Summary

    Fields 
    Modifier and Type Field Description
    protected Properties conn_props
    The successful processed input properties
    protected String hash
    Authentication hash method
    protected nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage language
    The language to connect with
    protected int lastSetQueryTimeout
    The last set query timeout on the server as used by Statement, PreparedStatement and CallableStatement
    protected nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.AbstractProtocol protocol
    The underlying proticol provided by the connection (MAPI or embedded)
  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors 
    Constructor Description
    MonetConnection​(Properties props, String hash, nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage language, boolean blobIsBinary, boolean clobIsLongChar)
    Constructor of a Connection for MonetDB.
  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type Method Description
    void abort​(Executor executor)
    Terminates an open connection.
    void clearWarnings()
    Clears all warnings reported for this Connection object.
    void close()
    Releases this Connection object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.
    abstract void closeUnderlyingConnection()
    Closes the underlying connection implementation.
    void commit()
    Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object.
    abstract List<String> connect​(String user, String pass)
    Connects to the server, authenticating the user.
    Array createArrayOf​(String typeName, Object[] elements)
    Factory method for creating Array objects.
    Blob createBlob()
    Constructs an object that implements the Blob interface.
    Clob createClob()
    Constructs an object that implements the Clob interface.
    NClob createNClob()
    Constructs an object that implements the NClob interface.
    SQLXML createSQLXML()
    Constructs an object that implements the SQLXML interface.
    Statement createStatement()
    Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements to the database.
    Statement createStatement​(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
    Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
    Statement createStatement​(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
    Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
    Struct createStruct​(String typeName, Object[] attributes)
    Factory method for creating Struct objects.
    protected abstract boolean executeNextQueryBatch​(MonetStatement statement, List<String> batch, int[] counts, BatchUpdateException e)
    Execute a batch of SQL query statements.
    protected void finalize()
    Destructor called by garbage collector before destroying this object tries to disconnect the MonetDB connection if it has not been disconnected already.
    boolean getAutoCommit()
    Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this Connection object.
    abstract int getBlockSize()
    Gets the underlying connection block size length.
    String getCatalog()
    Retrieves this Connection object's current catalog name.
    Properties getClientInfo()
    Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver.
    String getClientInfo​(String name)
    Returns the value of the client info property specified by name.
    abstract int getDefFetchsize()
    Gets the underlying connection default fetch size for DataBlock responses.
    int getHoldability()
    Retrieves the current holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object.
    abstract String getJDBCURL()
    Gets the underlying connection JDBC String URL.
    nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage getLanguage()
    Gets the connection's language data.
    DatabaseMetaData getMetaData()
    Retrieves a DatabaseMetaData object that contains metadata about the database to which this Connection object represents a connection.
    int getNetworkTimeout()
    Retrieves the number of milliseconds the driver will wait for a database request to complete.
    nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.AbstractProtocol getProtocol()
    Gets the connection's protocol.
    String getSchema()
    Retrieves this Connection object's current schema name.
    static int getSeqCounter()
    Gets the current sequence counter.
    abstract int getSoTimeout()
    Gets the underlying connection socket timeout.
    int getTransactionIsolation()
    Retrieves this Connection object's current transaction isolation level.
    Map<String,​Class<?>> getTypeMap()
    Retrieves the Map object associated with this Connection object.
    SQLWarning getWarnings()
    Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this Connection object.
    abstract int initialStringBuilderSize()
    Gets the initial value for the StringBuilder size.
    boolean isClosed()
    Retrieves whether this Connection object has been closed.
    boolean isEmbedded()
    Checks if the conection is embedded or not
    boolean isReadOnly()
    Retrieves whether this Connection object is in read-only mode.
    boolean isValid​(int timeout)
    Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid.
    boolean mapBlobAsVarBinary()  
    boolean mapClobAsVarChar()  
    String nativeSQL​(String sql)
    Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar.
    CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql)
    Creates a CallableStatement object for calling database stored procedures.
    CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
    Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
    CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
    Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql)
    Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
    Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
    Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability.
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, String[] columnNames)
    Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
    void releaseSavepoint​(Savepoint savepoint)
    Removes the given Savepoint object from the current transaction.
    void rollback()
    Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object.
    void rollback​(Savepoint savepoint)
    Undoes all changes made after the given Savepoint object was set.
    abstract void sendControlCommand​(int commandID, int data)
    Sends a control command to the server.
    void setAutoCommit​(boolean autoCommit)
    Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state.
    void setCatalog​(String catalog)
    Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this Connection object's database in which to work.
    void setClientInfo​(String name, String value)
    Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value.
    void setClientInfo​(Properties props)
    Sets the value of the connection's client info properties.
    void setHoldability​(int holdability)
    Changes the default holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object to the given holdability.
    void setNetworkTimeout​(Executor executor, int millis)
    Sets the maximum period a Connection or objects created from the Connection will wait for the database to reply to any one request.
    void setReadOnly​(boolean readOnly)
    Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable database optimizations.
    Savepoint setSavepoint()
    Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
    Savepoint setSavepoint​(String name)
    Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
    void setSchema​(String schema)
    Sets the given schema name to access.
    abstract void setSoTimeout​(int timeout)
    Sets the underlying connection socket timeout.
    void setTransactionIsolation​(int level)
    Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this Connection object to the one given.
    void setTypeMap​(Map<String,​Class<?>> map)
    Installs the given TypeMap object as the type map for this Connection object.
    String toString()
    Returns a string identifying this Connection to the MonetDB server.

    Methods inherited from class nl.cwi.monetdb.jdbc.MonetWrapper

    isWrapperFor, unwrap

    Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

    clone, equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

    Methods inherited from interface java.sql.Wrapper

    isWrapperFor, unwrap
  • Field Details

    • conn_props

      protected final Properties conn_props
      The successful processed input properties
    • language

      protected nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage language
      The language to connect with
    • hash

      protected final String hash
      Authentication hash method
    • protocol

      protected nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.AbstractProtocol protocol
      The underlying proticol provided by the connection (MAPI or embedded)
    • lastSetQueryTimeout

      protected int lastSetQueryTimeout
      The last set query timeout on the server as used by Statement, PreparedStatement and CallableStatement
  • Constructor Details

    • MonetConnection

      public MonetConnection​(Properties props, String hash, nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage language, boolean blobIsBinary, boolean clobIsLongChar)
      Constructor of a Connection for MonetDB. At this moment the current implementation limits itself to storing the given host, database, username and password for later use by the createStatement() call. This constructor is only accessible to classes from the jdbc package.
      Parameters:
      props - a Property hashtable holding the properties needed for connecting
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database error occurs
      IllegalArgumentException - is one of the arguments is null or empty
  • Method Details

    • getSeqCounter

      public static int getSeqCounter()
      Gets the current sequence counter.
      Returns:
      The current sequence counter
    • isEmbedded

      public boolean isEmbedded()
      Checks if the conection is embedded or not
      Returns:
      If the connection is embedded
    • getLanguage

      public nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.IMonetDBLanguage getLanguage()
      Gets the connection's language data.
      Returns:
      The connection's language data
    • getProtocol

      public nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.AbstractProtocol getProtocol()
      Gets the connection's protocol.
      Returns:
      The connection's protocol
    • connect

      public abstract List<String> connect​(String user, String pass) throws IOException, nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.ProtocolException, nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.MCLException
      Connects to the server, authenticating the user.
      Parameters:
      user - The user name to authenticate
      pass - The user's password
      Returns:
      A List with informational (warning) messages. If this list is empty; then there are no warnings.
      Throws:
      IOException - if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket
      nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.protocol.ProtocolException - if bogus data is received
      nl.cwi.monetdb.mcl.connection.MCLException - if an MCL related error occurs
    • getBlockSize

      public abstract int getBlockSize()
      Gets the underlying connection block size length.
      Returns:
      The block size length
    • getDefFetchsize

      public abstract int getDefFetchsize()
      Gets the underlying connection default fetch size for DataBlock responses.
      Returns:
      The default fetch size
    • initialStringBuilderSize

      public abstract int initialStringBuilderSize()
      Gets the initial value for the StringBuilder size.
      Returns:
      The initial value for the StringBuilder size
    • getSoTimeout

      public abstract int getSoTimeout() throws SocketException
      Gets the underlying connection socket timeout.
      Returns:
      The underlying connection socket timeout
      Throws:
      SocketException
    • setSoTimeout

      public abstract void setSoTimeout​(int timeout) throws SocketException
      Sets the underlying connection socket timeout.
      Parameters:
      timeout - The specified timeout, in milliseconds. A timeout of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout
      Throws:
      SocketException
    • closeUnderlyingConnection

      public abstract void closeUnderlyingConnection() throws IOException
      Closes the underlying connection implementation.
      Throws:
      IOException - if an I/O error occurs while closing the connection
    • getJDBCURL

      public abstract String getJDBCURL()
      Gets the underlying connection JDBC String URL.
      Returns:
      The underlying connection JDBC String URL
    • sendControlCommand

      public abstract void sendControlCommand​(int commandID, int data) throws SQLException
      Sends a control command to the server.
      Parameters:
      commandID - The command identifier according to ControlCommands listing
      data - The integer to send according to the control command
      Throws:
      SQLException - if an IO exception or a database error occurs
    • executeNextQueryBatch

      protected abstract boolean executeNextQueryBatch​(MonetStatement statement, List<String> batch, int[] counts, BatchUpdateException e) throws SQLException
      Execute a batch of SQL query statements.
      Parameters:
      statement - The original MonetStatement where the batch comes from
      batch - The list of queries to execute
      counts - The return of the update statement of each input query
      e - An exception to be thrown if an error occurs
      Returns:
      If all queries in the batch executed successfully or not
      Throws:
      SQLException - if an IO exception or a database error occurs
    • clearWarnings

      public void clearWarnings()
      Clears all warnings reported for this Connection object. After a call to this method, the method getWarnings returns null until a new warning is reported for this Connection object.
      Specified by:
      clearWarnings in interface Connection
    • close

      public void close()
      Releases this Connection object's database and JDBC resources immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released. All Statements created from this Connection will be closed when this method is called. Calling the method close on a Connection object that is already closed is a no-op.
      Specified by:
      close in interface AutoCloseable
      Specified by:
      close in interface Connection
    • finalize

      protected void finalize() throws Throwable
      Destructor called by garbage collector before destroying this object tries to disconnect the MonetDB connection if it has not been disconnected already.
      Overrides:
      finalize in class Object
      Throws:
      Throwable
    • commit

      public void commit() throws SQLException
      Makes all changes made since the previous commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
      Specified by:
      commit in interface Connection
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode
      See Also:
      setAutoCommit(boolean)
    • createStatement

      public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException
      Creates a Statement object for sending SQL statements to the database. SQL statements without parameters are normally executed using Statement objects. If the same SQL statement is executed many times, it may be more efficient to use a PreparedStatement object. Result sets created using the returned Statement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY.
      Specified by:
      createStatement in interface Connection
      Returns:
      a new default Statement object
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs
    • createStatement

      public Statement createStatement​(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
      Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden.
      Specified by:
      createStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      resultSetType - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      Returns:
      a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs
    • createStatement

      public Statement createStatement​(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
      Creates a Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability. This method is the same as the createStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
      Specified by:
      createStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      resultSetType - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      resultSetHoldability - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
      Returns:
      a new Statement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
    • getAutoCommit

      public boolean getAutoCommit()
      Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this Connection object.
      Specified by:
      getAutoCommit in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the current state of this Connection object's auto-commit mode
      See Also:
      setAutoCommit(boolean)
    • getCatalog

      public String getCatalog()
      Retrieves this Connection object's current catalog name.
      Specified by:
      getCatalog in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the current catalog name or null if there is none
    • getHoldability

      public int getHoldability()
      Retrieves the current holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object.
      Specified by:
      getHoldability in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the holdability, one of ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
      See Also:
      setHoldability(int)
    • getMetaData

      public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException
      Retrieves a DatabaseMetaData object that contains metadata about the database to which this Connection object represents a connection. The metadata includes information about the database's tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on.
      Specified by:
      getMetaData in interface Connection
      Returns:
      a DatabaseMetaData object for this Connection object
      Throws:
      SQLException - if the current language is not SQL
    • getTransactionIsolation

      public int getTransactionIsolation()
      Retrieves this Connection object's current transaction isolation level.
      Specified by:
      getTransactionIsolation in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the current transaction isolation level, which will be Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
    • getTypeMap

      public Map<String,​Class<?>> getTypeMap()
      Retrieves the Map object associated with this Connection object. Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned will be empty.
      Specified by:
      getTypeMap in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the java.util.Map object associated with this Connection object
    • getWarnings

      public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException
      Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this Connection object. If there is more than one warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one and can be retrieved by calling the method SQLWarning.getNextWarning on the warning that was retrieved previously. This method may not be called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an SQLException to be thrown. Note: Subsequent warnings will be chained to this SQLWarning.
      Specified by:
      getWarnings in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the first SQLWarning object or null if there are none
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
    • isClosed

      public boolean isClosed()
      Retrieves whether this Connection object has been closed. A connection is closed if the method close has been called on it or if certain fatal errors have occurred. This method is guaranteed to return true only when it is called after the method Connection.close has been called. This method generally cannot be called to determine whether a connection to a database is valid or invalid. A typical client can determine that a connection is invalid by catching any exceptions that might be thrown when an operation is attempted.
      Specified by:
      isClosed in interface Connection
      Returns:
      true if this Connection object is closed; false if it is still open
    • isReadOnly

      public boolean isReadOnly()
      Retrieves whether this Connection object is in read-only mode. MonetDB currently doesn't support updateable result sets, but updates are possible. Hence the Connection object is never in read-only mode.
      Specified by:
      isReadOnly in interface Connection
      Returns:
      true if this Connection object is read-only; false otherwise
    • nativeSQL

      public String nativeSQL​(String sql)
      Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar. A driver may convert the JDBC SQL grammar into its system's native SQL grammar prior to sending it. This method returns the native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.
      Specified by:
      nativeSQL in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders.
      Returns:
      the native form of this statement
    • prepareCall

      public CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql) throws SQLException
      Creates a CallableStatement object for calling database stored procedures. The CallableStatement object provides methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and methods for executing the call to a stored procedure. Note: This method is optimized for handling stored procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call statement to the database when the method prepareCall is done; others may wait until the CallableStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which method throws certain SQLExceptions. Result sets created using the returned CallableStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().
      Specified by:
      prepareCall in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.
      Returns:
      a new default CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method.
    • prepareCall

      public CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
      Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().
      Specified by:
      prepareCall in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters Typically this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.
      resultSetType - - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      Returns:
      a new CallableStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type and result set concurrency.
    • prepareCall

      public CallableStatement prepareCall​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
      Creates a CallableStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareCall method above, but it allows the default result set type, result set concurrency type and holdability to be overridden.
      Specified by:
      prepareCall in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters Typically this statement is specified using JDBC call escape syntax.
      resultSetType - - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      resultSetHoldability - - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
      Returns:
      a new CallableStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or this method is not supported for the specified result set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql) throws SQLException
      Creates a PreparedStatement object for sending parameterized SQL statements to the database. A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times. Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLException objects. Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY.
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
      Returns:
      a new default PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
      Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type and concurrency to be overridden.
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more ? IN parameters
      resultSetType - a result set type; one of ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - a concurrency type; one of ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      Returns:
      a new PreparedStatement object containing the pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type and concurrency
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
      Creates a PreparedStatement object that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability. This method is the same as the prepareStatement method above, but it allows the default result set type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - a String object that is the SQL statement to be sent to the database; may contain one or more ? IN parameters
      resultSetType - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
      resultSetConcurrency - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
      resultSetHoldability - one of the following ResultSet constants: ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
      Returns:
      a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency, and holdability
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the given parameters are not ResultSet constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException
      Creates a default PreparedStatement object that has the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. The given constant tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated keys available for retrieval. This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement. Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions. Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY.
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
      autoGeneratedKeys - a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned; one of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS or Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS
      Returns:
      a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled SQL statement, that will have the capability of returning auto-generated keys
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs or the given parameter is not a Statement constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be returned
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException
      Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific). An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times. Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions. Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
      columnIndexes - - an array of column indexes indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows
      Returns:
      a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column indexes
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    • prepareStatement

      public PreparedStatement prepareStatement​(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException
      Creates a default PreparedStatement object capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. This array contains the names of the columns in the target table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement is not an INSERT statement, or an SQL statement able to return auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific). An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times. Note: This method is optimized for handling parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If the driver supports precompilation, the method prepareStatement will send the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions. Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY. The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by calling getHoldability().
      Specified by:
      prepareStatement in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      sql - - an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN parameter placeholders
      columnNames - - an array of column names indicating the columns that should be returned from the inserted row or rows
      Returns:
      a new PreparedStatement object, containing the pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column names
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method
    • releaseSavepoint

      public void releaseSavepoint​(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException
      Removes the given Savepoint object from the current transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed will cause an SQLException to be thrown.
      Specified by:
      releaseSavepoint in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      savepoint - the Savepoint object to be removed
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the given Savepoint object is not a valid savepoint in the current transaction
    • rollback

      public void rollback() throws SQLException
      Undoes all changes made in the current transaction and releases any database locks currently held by this Connection object. This method should be used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
      Specified by:
      rollback in interface Connection
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this Connection object is in auto-commit mode
      See Also:
      setAutoCommit(boolean)
    • rollback

      public void rollback​(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException
      Undoes all changes made after the given Savepoint object was set. This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.
      Specified by:
      rollback in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      savepoint - the Savepoint object to roll back to
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs, the Savepoint object is no longer valid, or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    • setAutoCommit

      public void setAutoCommit​(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException
      Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state. If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL statements will be executed and committed as individual transactions. Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into transactions that are terminated by a call to either the method commit or the method rollback. By default, new connections are in auto-commit mode. The commit occurs when the statement completes or the next execute occurs, whichever comes first. In the case of statements returning a ResultSet object, the statement completes when the last row of the ResultSet object has been retrieved or the ResultSet object has been closed. In advanced cases, a single statement may return multiple results as well as output parameter values. In these cases, the commit occurs when all results and output parameter values have been retrieved. NOTE: If this method is called during a transaction, the transaction is committed.
      Specified by:
      setAutoCommit in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      autoCommit - true to enable auto-commit mode; false to disable it
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs
      See Also:
      getAutoCommit()
    • setCatalog

      public void setCatalog​(String catalog)
      Sets the given catalog name in order to select a subspace of this Connection object's database in which to work. If the driver does not support catalogs, it will silently ignore this request.
      Specified by:
      setCatalog in interface Connection
    • setHoldability

      public void setHoldability​(int holdability) throws SQLException
      Changes the default holdability of ResultSet objects created using this Connection object to the given holdability. The default holdability of ResultSet objects can be be determined by invoking DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability().
      Specified by:
      setHoldability in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      holdability - - a ResultSet holdability constant; one of ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this method or argument
      See Also:
      getHoldability()
    • setReadOnly

      public void setReadOnly​(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException
      Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable database optimizations. MonetDB doesn't support any mode here, hence an SQLWarning is generated if attempted to set to true here.
      Specified by:
      setReadOnly in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      readOnly - true enables read-only mode; false disables it
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called during a transaction.
    • setSavepoint

      public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException
      Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
      Specified by:
      setSavepoint in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the new Savepoint object
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    • setSavepoint

      public Savepoint setSavepoint​(String name) throws SQLException
      Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction and returns the new Savepoint object that represents it.
      Specified by:
      setSavepoint in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      name - a String containing the name of the savepoint
      Returns:
      the new Savepoint object
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this Connection object is currently in auto-commit mode
    • setTransactionIsolation

      public void setTransactionIsolation​(int level)
      Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this Connection object to the one given. The constants defined in the interface Connection are the possible transaction isolation levels.
      Specified by:
      setTransactionIsolation in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      level - one of the following Connection constants: Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, or Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE.
    • setTypeMap

      public void setTypeMap​(Map<String,​Class<?>> map)
      Installs the given TypeMap object as the type map for this Connection object. The type map will be used for the custom mapping of SQL structured types and distinct types.
      Specified by:
      setTypeMap in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      map - the java.util.Map object to install as the replacement for this Connection object's default type map
    • toString

      public String toString()
      Returns a string identifying this Connection to the MonetDB server.
      Overrides:
      toString in class Object
      Returns:
      a String representing this Object
    • createArrayOf

      public Array createArrayOf​(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException
      Factory method for creating Array objects. Note: When createArrayOf is used to create an array object that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined whether the Array object is an array of that primitive data type or an array of Object. Note: The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements Object array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in java.sql.Types for the given class of Object. The default mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC specification. If the resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName then it is implementation defined whether an SQLException is thrown or the driver supports the resulting conversion.
      Specified by:
      createArrayOf in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      typeName - the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a standard SQL type supported by this database. This is the value returned by Array.getBaseTypeName
      Returns:
      an Array object whose elements map to the specified SQL type
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not appropriate for the typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
      Since:
      1.6
    • createClob

      public Clob createClob() throws SQLException
      Constructs an object that implements the Clob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the Clob interface may be used to add data to the Clob.
      Specified by:
      createClob in interface Connection
      Returns:
      a MonetClob instance
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if an object that implements the Clob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
      Since:
      1.6
    • createBlob

      public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException
      Constructs an object that implements the Blob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setBinaryStream and setBytes methods of the Blob interface may be used to add data to the Blob.
      Specified by:
      createBlob in interface Connection
      Returns:
      a MonetBlob instance
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if an object that implements the Blob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
      Since:
      1.6
    • createNClob

      public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException
      Constructs an object that implements the NClob interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream, setCharacterStream and setString methods of the NClob interface may be used to add data to the NClob.
      Specified by:
      createNClob in interface Connection
      Returns:
      an NClob instance
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if an object that implements the NClob interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
      Since:
      1.6
    • createStruct

      public Struct createStruct​(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException
      Factory method for creating Struct objects.
      Specified by:
      createStruct in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      typeName - the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this Struct object maps to. The typeName is the name of a user-defined type that has been defined for this database. It is the value returned by Struct.getSQLTypeName.
      attributes - the attributes that populate the returned object
      Returns:
      a Struct object that maps to the given SQL type and is populated with the given attributes
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if an object that implements the Struct interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
      Since:
      1.6
    • createSQLXML

      public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException
      Constructs an object that implements the SQLXML interface. The object returned initially contains no data. The createXmlStreamWriter object and setString method of the SQLXML interface may be used to add data to the SQLXML object.
      Specified by:
      createSQLXML in interface Connection
      Returns:
      An object that implements the SQLXML interface
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if an object that implements the SQLXML interface can not be constructed, this method is called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
      SQLFeatureNotSupportedException - - if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
      Since:
      1.6
    • isValid

      public boolean isValid​(int timeout) throws SQLException
      Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid. The driver shall submit a query on the connection or use some other mechanism that positively verifies the connection is still valid when this method is called. The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be executed in the context of the current transaction.
      Specified by:
      isValid in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      timeout - The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the connection to complete. If the timeout period expires before the operation completes, this method returns false. A value of 0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the database operation.
      Returns:
      true if the connection is valid, false otherwise
      Throws:
      SQLException - if the value supplied for timeout is less than 0
      Since:
      1.6
    • getClientInfo

      public String getClientInfo​(String name) throws SQLException
      Returns the value of the client info property specified by name. This method may return null if the specified client info property has not been set and does not have a default value. This method will also return null if the specified client info property name is not supported by the driver. Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.
      Specified by:
      getClientInfo in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      name - - The name of the client info property to retrieve
      Returns:
      The value of the client info property specified or null
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info value from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.6
    • getClientInfo

      public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException
      Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info property supported by the driver. The value of a client info property may be null if the property has not been set and does not have a default value.
      Specified by:
      getClientInfo in interface Connection
      Returns:
      A Properties object that contains the name and current value of each of the client info properties supported by the driver.
      Throws:
      SQLException - - if the database server returns an error when fetching the client info value from the database or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.6
    • setClientInfo

      public void setClientInfo​(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException
      Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the value specified by value. Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver and the maximum length that may be specified for each property. The driver stores the value specified in a suitable location in the database. For example in a special register, session parameter, or system table column. For efficiency the driver may defer setting the value in the database until the next time a statement is executed or prepared. Other than storing the client information in the appropriate place in the database, these methods shall not alter the behavior of the connection in anyway. The values supplied to these methods are used for accounting, diagnostics and debugging purposes only. The driver shall generate a warning if the client info name specified is not recognized by the driver. If the value specified to this method is greater than the maximum length for the property the driver may either truncate the value and generate a warning or generate a SQLClientInfoException. If the driver generates a SQLClientInfoException, the value specified was not set on the connection. The following are standard client info properties. Drivers are not required to support these properties however if the driver supports a client info property that can be described by one of the standard properties, the standard property name should be used. ApplicationName - The name of the application currently utilizing the connection ClientUser - The name of the user that the application using the connection is performing work for. This may not be the same as the user name that was used in establishing the connection. ClientHostname - The hostname of the computer the application using the connection is running on.
      Specified by:
      setClientInfo in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      name - - The name of the client info property to set
      value - - The value to set the client info property to. If the value is null, the current value of the specified property is cleared.
      Throws:
      SQLClientInfoException - - if the database server returns an error while setting the clientInfo values on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.6
    • setClientInfo

      public void setClientInfo​(Properties props) throws SQLClientInfoException
      Sets the value of the connection's client info properties. The Properties object contains the names and values of the client info properties to be set. The set of client info properties contained in the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties on the connection. If a property that is currently set on the connection is not present in the properties list, that property is cleared. Specifying an empty properties list will clear all of the properties on the connection. See setClientInfo (String, String) for more information. If an error occurs in setting any of the client info properties, a SQLClientInfoException is thrown. The SQLClientInfoException contains information indicating which client info properties were not set. The state of the client information is unknown because some databases do not allow multiple client info properties to be set atomically. For those databases, one or more properties may have been set before the error occurred.
      Specified by:
      setClientInfo in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      props - - The list of client info properties to set
      Throws:
      SQLClientInfoException - - if the database server returns an error while setting the clientInfo values on the database server or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.6
    • setSchema

      public void setSchema​(String schema) throws SQLException
      Sets the given schema name to access.
      Specified by:
      setSchema in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      schema - the name of a schema in which to work
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.7
    • getSchema

      public String getSchema() throws SQLException
      Retrieves this Connection object's current schema name.
      Specified by:
      getSchema in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the current schema name or null if there is none
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed connection
      Since:
      1.7
    • abort

      public void abort​(Executor executor) throws SQLException
      Terminates an open connection. Calling abort results in: * The connection marked as closed * Closes any physical connection to the database * Releases resources used by the connection * Insures that any thread that is currently accessing the connection will either progress to completion or throw an SQLException. Calling abort marks the connection closed and releases any resources. Calling abort on a closed connection is a no-op.
      Specified by:
      abort in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      executor - The Executor implementation which will be used by abort
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the executor is null
      SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method denies calling abort
      Since:
      1.7
    • setNetworkTimeout

      public void setNetworkTimeout​(Executor executor, int millis) throws SQLException
      Sets the maximum period a Connection or objects created from the Connection will wait for the database to reply to any one request. If any request remains unanswered, the waiting method will return with a SQLException, and the Connection or objects created from the Connection will be marked as closed. Any subsequent use of the objects, with the exception of the close, isClosed or Connection.isValid methods, will result in a SQLException.
      Specified by:
      setNetworkTimeout in interface Connection
      Parameters:
      executor - The Executor implementation which will be used by setNetworkTimeout
      millis - The time in milliseconds to wait for the database operation to complete
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs, this method is called on a closed connection, the executor is null, or the value specified for seconds is less than 0.
      Since:
      1.7
    • getNetworkTimeout

      public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException
      Retrieves the number of milliseconds the driver will wait for a database request to complete. If the limit is exceeded, a SQLException is thrown.
      Specified by:
      getNetworkTimeout in interface Connection
      Returns:
      the current timeout limit in milliseconds; zero means there is no limit
      Throws:
      SQLException - if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed Connection
      Since:
      1.7
    • mapBlobAsVarBinary

      public boolean mapBlobAsVarBinary()
      Returns:
      whether the JDBC BLOB type should be mapped to VARBINARY type. This allows generic JDBC programs to fetch Blob data via getBytes() instead of getBlob() and Blob.getBinaryStream() to reduce overhead.
    • mapClobAsVarChar

      public boolean mapClobAsVarChar()
      Returns:
      whether the JDBC CLOB type should be mapped to VARCHAR type. This allows generic JDBC programs to fetch Clob data via getString() instead of getClob() and Clob.getCharacterStream() to reduce overhead.